Introduction To Artificial Intelligence
Introduction To Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence or popularly called AI is the study of intelligent machines which can perceive their environment to maximize their chances of success.It comprises of a huge variety of sub-fields, ranging from general perception areas like perception, logical reasoning, game playing to specialized areas like medical diagnosis, fraud detection, military applications, etc
It can be broadly be said to comprise of two enterprises :
1. Science of human intelligence
2. Engineering discipline concerned with building smarter physical systems
Components of an Artificial Intelligence System
1. Knowledge base : This is the database which works in conjunction with the AI system. An AI system must be learning in nature and so be able to update its knowledge base accordingly. The knowledge base consists of facts and rules and has the following characteristics:
- It is voluminous in nature and so needs structuring
- It may be incomplete and imprecise
- It may be dynamic as it may change dynamically
2. Control Strategy : This mechanism determines which rule is to be applied on the particular situation. To know a rule generally some heuristic or thumb rule is employed.
3. Inference Mechanism : It requires to be able to search through the knowledge base and derive new knowledge with the help of inference rules.
The commonly used techniques for AI include fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic algorithm, statistics, probability theory, etc
The sub-areas of artificial intelligence include
- Natural language Processing (NLP)
- Speech Recognition
- Robotics
- Neural Networks
- Planning and Scheduling
Application Areas of Artificial Intelligence
- Business – Financial strategies and decision making
- Engineering – Check design constraints, offer suggestion for new products
- Manufacturing – Assembly line production and maintainance
- Medicine – Disease diagnosis and prescription
- Fraud Detection
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Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines or software, and is also a branch of computer science that studies and develops intelligent machines and software. Major AI researchers and textbooks define the field as “the study and design of intelligent agents” where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. Iterested people can follow it.