REACTION MECHANISM (HIGH POLYMER)

Apr 27 • General • 1388 Views • 2 Comments on REACTION MECHANISM (HIGH POLYMER)

POLYMERS

polymers are the substances which are made up of repeating structural units which are derived from specific compounds known as monomers.

HIGH POLYMERS

The polymers having molecular weight greater than 10000 composed of repeating units of small molecular weight species.ex-propylene,ethylene etc.

POLYMERIZATION REACTION

Polymerization is the process of conversion of monomers to polymers.There are two types of polymerization reaction.

  • Step growth polymerization
  • Chain polymerization

STEP GROWTH POLYMERIZATION

These type of polymerization reaction applies to the monomers containing functional group like:COOH,-COOR,-COOOC-,NH2,-CHO,epoxy etc.Molecular mass average and molar mass distribution for these type of reaction are

  • Mn<30000
  • Mw/Mn is approximately 2

BASIC REACTION :There are two type of reaction process in step growth polymerization

  • Condensation:In these reaction there is loss of small molecules

CH3-NH2+HOOC-CH2-CH3 =>CH3-NH-CO-CH2-CH3+H2O

  • Addition:In these reaction there is no loss of small molecules

CH3-N=C=O+HO-CH2-CH3 =>CH3-NH-CO-O-CH2-CH3

These type of reaction leads to formation of dimers,trimers,tetramers etc.There rates and mechanism are identical by reactions.As these are equilibrium reactions,high high molecular weight  polymers chain are obtained if equilibrium are displaced to the formation of product.Some of the examples of step growth polymerization are polycaprolactam:Nylon-6,polyurethane:pellethaneTM,epoxy,polycarbonate etc.

CHAIN POLYMERIZATION:

These type of polymerization applies to monomer having double bonds or ring structures.In these process polymerization is very different from step growth and also monomers are bi functional in chain polymerization.The chain polymerization basically consists of 3 steps:

  • Initiation
  • Propagation
  • Termination

Initiation:

In these step first of all active centre that is (radical,cation,anion)is formed and the growth of thechain is

I  ->  J*(Anion,cation,radical)

J*+H2C=C(RR,) àJ-CH2-C*(RR,)

Propagation:

In these step the growth of the polymer chain is done by successive addition of monomers to the active center at the end of the reaction.

J-CH2-C*(RR,)+C*(RR,)+H2C=C(RR,)àJ-CH2-C(RR,)-CH2-C*(RR,)

J-[CH2-C(RR,)]n-CH2-C*(RR)+H2C=C(RR,)àJ-CH2-C(RR,)]n+1-CH2-C*(RR,),

Termination:

In these step the growth is terminated either by transfer of the active center or by neutralization.

IMPORTANT QUESTION 

1-What are polymers?

2-What is high polymers?

3-What do you mean by polymerization  and how many types of polymerization reactions are there

4-Explain step growth polymerization?

5-What are the different steps in chain reaction and explain all steps?

 

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2 Responses to REACTION MECHANISM (HIGH POLYMER)

  1. Rachita Mishra says:
    at

    Polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry is a multidisciplinary science that deals with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers or macromolecules.[1] According to IUPAC recommendations,[2][3] macromolecules refer to the individual molecular chains and are the domain of chemistry.This article is about high polymer .nice article.

    Reply
  2. shweta singh says:
    at

    The reaction mechanism of the polymers-well this article is really gonna help out the students to revise some of the basis part from the organic chemistry.The questions along with the articles are quite a snap-shot to test one’s knowledge about it…so get set go and upgrade u’r knowledge and test it simultaneously 🙂

    Reply

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