Protocol for internet

Jun 2 • Notes • 4428 Views • 5 Comments on Protocol for internet

Protocol for internet:

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) of  Protocol for internet  is a switching technique for networks of telecommunication .  Protocol for internet uses the asynchronous time-division of the  multiplexing, it encodes data into  cells of small, fixed-sized. This differs from networks such as the Internet or Ethernet LANsthat use variable sized packets or frames. ATM of Protocol for internet  provides data link layer services that run over OSI Layer 1 physical links. ATM of Protocol for internet  has functional similarity with both circuit switched networking, small packet switched networking. and its makes it a good choice for a network that must handle both traditional high-speed data traffic (e.g., file transfers), and real-time, low-latency content such as voice and video. ATM uses a connection-oriented model in which a virtual circuit must be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.

ATM or  Protocol for internet evolved from the B-ISDN development efforts

–          Frame Relay: high-speed WAN (1.5+ Mbps)

–          ATM or  Protocol for internet : very high speed WAN (155 Mbps and 622Mbps)

ATM or Protocol for internet , like Frame Relay, was built on the assumption that the underlying physical media was reliable and flexible

–          minimal error ,flow control capabilities

–          even more streamlined, so faster,  than Frame Relay

Specifications developed by the ITU-T and ATM or Protocol for internet Forum

ATM Protocol Architecture

Fixed-size packets called cells

–          “cell switching”

two primary protocol layers relate to ATM or Protocol for internet functions:

–          Common layer providing packet transfers, logical connections (ATM)

–          Service dependent ATM or Protocol for internet adaptation layer (AAL)

AAL maps other protocols to ATM or  Protocol for internet

–          like IP (AAL5)

 

Logical Connections:

VCC (Virtual Channel Connection): a logical connection analogous to a virtual circuit in the X.25, that is  Frame Relay data link connection

–          full-duplex flow between end users

–          user-network control signaling

–          network-network management/routing

VPC (Virtual Path Connection): a bundle of VCCs with the same end points (not necessarily same end-users)

–          and switched along the same path

 

 

ATM or Protocol for internet cell:

The ATM cell is the basic unit of information transfer in the B-ISDN ATM communication. cell is comprised of 53 bytes. Five of the bytes make up the header field and the remaining 48 bytes form the user information field.

Generic Flow Control (GFC):

Although the primary function of this header is the physical access control, it is often used to reduce cell jitters in the CBR services, and assign fair capacity for theVBR services,  to control traffic for the VBR flows. functionality requires the power to control any UNI structure, be it a ring, a star, some bus configuration, or any combination of these.

Virtual Path Identifier / Virtual Channel Identifier (VPI/VCI):

The role of the VPI/VCI fields is to indicate Virtual Path or Virtual Channel identification numbers, so that the cells belonging to the same connection can be distinguished. A unique and separate the VPI/VCI identifier is assigned in the advance to indicate which type of cell is following, unassigned cells, physical layer cells of OAM , metasignalling channel or a generic broadcast signaling channel.

Payload Type (PT) / Cell Loss Priority (CLP) / Header Error Control (HEC):

When user information is present or the ATM cell has suffered traffic congestion then the PT field will yield this information.

The CLP bit is used to tell the system whether the corresponding byte is to be discarded during network congestion . ATM cells or  Protocol for internet with CLP=0 have a priority in regard to cell loss than ATM cells with CLP=1. Therefore, during resource congestions, CLP=1 cells are dropped before any CLP=0 cell is dropped.

HEC is a CRC byte for the cell header field and is used for sensing and correcting cell errors and in delineating the cell header.

Q1: Protocol Model of Protocol for internet  has how many planes

Ans: 3 planes

User – provides for user information transfer and associated controls (flow control, congestion control)

Control – performs call control and connection control functions (signalling)

Management – provides plane management and layer management and coordination .

Q2: function VCC (logical connection) of Protocol fot internet Uses what?

Ans: Exchange between end users

–          user data

–          control signalling

Exchange between an end user and a network entity

–          control signalling

Exchange between 2 network entities

–          traffic management

–          routing functions

 

Q3: What are the 2 advantages of virtual path of Protocol for internet ?

Ans: Increased network performance and reliability – network consists of fewer aggregated entities

Reduced processing and short connection setup time.

Q4: How many Control Signalling does here of  Protocol for internet?

Ans: 2

Q5: What a re the 2 Control Signalling does of Protocol for internet?

Ans:

A mechanism to establish from Protocol for internet and release VPCs and VCCs per ITU-T Rec. I.150

–          four  methods for yhe VCCs Semi-permanent VCC: no control signalling required

–          Meta-signalling channel: permanent, low data rate channel for setting up signalling channels

–          User-to the network signalling virtual channel: set up between user and network

–          User-to-user signalling virtual channel: set up between users within the VPC, allowing users to set up and  VCCs tear down , without network intervention

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5 Responses to Protocol for internet

  1. Dinesh says:

    the Speed, traffic and security are the major factors in internet world from the this concept originates.

    this post clearly explains the basics of the protocol for the internet and its types. its very useful and very good post

  2. Surabhi Singh says:

    Get clear idea about protocol for internet ….This page has every possible details that can help you get a clear concept.

  3. Fauzia Neshat says:

    Informative article on the Internet protocol, Read to know how datas are transfered on the internet.
    question in this article are really good and it is helpful.

  4. Mitali Panda says:

    great work done by the blogger… it has provided me with the knowledge of the Protocol that is being used by the each and every one but is hidden from every1’s knowledge……. would be looking forward to get more information on such things, such as like WAN complete details of woking procedure , build up connections etc etc.,

  5. Tapash Mazumder says:

    This blog focuses on the technicalities behind the internet.The Internet procol are discussed here in a very detailed way. Students studying netwrking as one of the subjects can find it as a real aid .

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