OPTICAL RECEIVER AND ITS COHERENT DETECTION OPTICAL RECEIVER:- -The main components of an optical receiver is a photo detector which is used for the amplification and processing of signals. -Various noises and distortions are introduced due to imperfect
PHOTO DIODE:- – The device consists of a p and n semiconductor region separated by a very lightly n-doped intrinsic region. – The optical power decreases exponentially as the incident light is absorbed in depletion region. – The electron
PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES : TROPOSPHERIC MODES OF PROPAGATION : The propagation through the troposphere consists of : Tropospheric scattering , troposperic ducting and tropospheric delay . Tropospheric scattering : At high frequencies and a height of
A two-port network is one of the most fundamental modelling tools in electrical engineering, used to characterise transistors, transformers, transmission lines, filters, and amplifiers. Each two-port network can be described by a pair of equations relating
WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK (WLAN) A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a flexible data communication system frequently augment rather than replace a wired LAN inside a building or campus. WLANs use radio frequency to spread and receives information over
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