Basic Laws of Physics
Over decades, scientist have discovered one more thing that nature is more complex than we have given credit for it. The following laws of physics are considered as fundamental law of physics.The basic laws of physics fall into two categories i.e; classical physics and atomic physics. Classical physics deals with the observable world. It is also known as classical mechanics and atomic physics is also known as quantum mechanics that deals with the interactions b/w elementary and sub-atomic particles. Here, 5 Basic laws of physics like Ohm’s Law, Lenz’s Law, Faraday’s Law, Fleming left hand and right hand rules in detail. If you are interested you can find out more notes from our NOTE SECTION.
Ohm’s law : This law state that the current flowing in the conductor is directly proportional to the the potential difference between the two point in the conductor with the application of constant temperature and pressure.
I=V/R or V=IR. Where R is the resistance
Lenz’s law: Lenz’s Law is a common way of understanding how electromagnetic circuits obey Newton’s third law and the conservation of energy. Lenz’s law is named after Henry Lenz. According to this rule the induced electromotive force (emf) always gives rise to a current whose magnetic field opposes the original change in magnetic flux.
Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic Induction: A change in the magnetic environment of the coil or conductor will cause a voltage(emf) induce in the coil. Faraday law is the fundamental relationship which comes from the Maxwell’s equation.
- Faraday’s first law: A conductor is induced with an electromotive force when the surrounding magnetic field changes.
- Faraday’s second law: The rate of change of field is directly proportional to the magnitude of the electromotive force.
- Faraday’s third law: The sense of the induced electromotive force depends on the direction of the rate of the change of the field.
E= – ndǿ/ dt.
In this the induced emf (e) and the change in magnetic flux (d) have opposite signs.
Fleming’ Rule: Fleming’s left-hand rule and Fleming’s right hand rule are used for motors and generator respectively. These rules are used to measure the direction of motion in an electric motor and the direction of electric current in an electric generator.
When current flows in a conductor with an external magnetic field is applied across that flow, then the conductor will experience a force perpendicular both to the direction of the current flow and to that field.
There will be three mutually orthogonal axes on the thumb, first finger and middle finger. Each finger is then assigned to a quantity (electric current, magnetic field and mechanical force). The right and left hand are used for generators and motors respectively.
In motors, the electric current and magnet field exist which considered to be the causes and they lead to the force that creates the motion (effect) and so the left hand rule is used. In an generator, the motion and magnetic field exist (causes), and they lead to the creation of the electric current (effect), and so the right hand rule is use.
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