Effect of Series and Shunt compensation on Voltage Stability
This article discusses Series and shunt compensation and their effects on voltage stability factors which is considered to be a very important portion of power systems of electrical department. Many questions are put up in the academics as well as the in the interviews from this portion. To know the effect of series and shunt compensation on voltage stability, first of all we will have some discussion on compensation technique.
COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE:
By artificial injection of reactive power to the loads relieves the transmission network from reactive power flow and improves both the transmission efficiency and operating power factor. But by artificial injection of negative reactance in the lines relieves the lines from excessive voltage drop and improves the voltage regulation. Two methods are available for the injection that are static compensation and synchronous compensation. Capacitors and reactors involves Static compensation while synchronous compensation involves synchronous phase modifier. The series and shunt compensation are described below:
SHUNT COMPENSATION:
At the buses where reactive power demand increases the bus voltage is controlled by connecting capacitor banks in parallel to lagging load. Capacitor banks supply a part of or full reactive power of load, which reduces magnitude of the source current needed to supply load. While the voltage drop between sending end and load gets reduced. The power factor improves and increases active power output which is available from the source.
Depending upon the load demand the capacitor banks can be permanently connected to the system or it can be varied by switching on or off the parallel connected capacitors either manually or automatically. Figure below shows the single line diagram of a transmission line and its phasor diagram after the addition of the shunt capacitor.
Voltage drop is VD = IRR + IXXL – ICXL
The expression for the difference between the voltage drops is the voltage rises due to installation of capacitor is VR = ICXL
The drawbacks of using shunt capacitors are as follows:
- The Shunt capacitors does not affect current or power factor beyond their point of application
- The reactive power which is supplied by the shunt capacitor banks is directly proportional to bus voltage
- When the reactive power is required less on light load the capacitor bank output will be high.
SERIES COMPENSATION:
When the line has the value of high reactance to resistance ratio than the inductive reactance of the transmission line could be decreased by introducing series capacitors as a results in low voltage drop. If a load with lagging power factor is connected at the end the voltage drop in the line is given by
VD = I(Rcosό + XLsinό)
If a capacitance C with reactance Xc is connected in series with the line then the reactance will reduced to [XLXc] and the voltage drop is reduced. And also the reactive power taken by the line is reduced. Figure below shows the equivalent circuit of the line with series compensation and its phasor diagram are presented
From the phasor diagram the line voltage drop is,
VD = I(Rcosό + (XL-XC) sinό)
Hence the series capacitors is used to reduce the voltage drop in the lines with low power factor and also improves the voltage at the receiving end specifically with low power factor loads. For variable load conditions the voltage is controlled by switching in suitable series capacitors in the line.
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS:
Following are the important questions asked on effects of series and shunt compensations on Voltage Stability-
1- What is compensation technique?
2- Describe shunt compensation?
3- What are the drawbacks of using shunt compensation?
4- Write about series compensation?
5- Discuss the effect of Series and shunt compensation on Voltage stability.
6- Compare Shunt compensation with Series compensation.
Please give your valuable feedback by commenting in the comment box given below. Your feedback mean a lot to us.
You may also like:
Construction of DC Motor
Principle And Operation Of Magnetrons And Travelling Wave Tube
CLASSIFICATION OF SELF EXCITED DC MACHINE (MOTOR OR GENERATOR)
Tell us Your Queries, Suggestions and Feedback
4 Responses to Effect of Series and Shunt compensation on Voltage Stability
« INTRODUCTION TO WEB APPLICATIONS PRINCIPLES OF OTEC PLANT OPERATION »
Series and shunt are the two methods that is used in voltage stability. This post shows the effects also of this series and shunt compensation on voltage stability.
Compensation is the important technique in the electronic appliances. This article will help the electronic learners to know about the compensation technique.
very vital concept … very useful even for mango people
effects of series and shunts explained very perfectly and really very helpful for me and others who want to enhance their knowledge about series and shunt…..