Questions on principle of programming language
A programming Language is the simple language to write different programs to control and run the machine and different algorithms. With the help of programming, a complex task can be performed easily and in the more sophisticated way. There are a number of languages available for the user through which an effective communication can be established between the user and the machine. Some of these may be easy to learn and some require more hard work and logics to get the of masters. Let’s have a look over questions that are being asked on the principle of programming language-
Questions on principle of programming language
Q1. What is principle of programming language?
Ans. It is a set of rules governed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.
Q2. What are objectives of principles of programming language?
Ans. Objectives are-
• To introduce several different paradigms of programming
• To gain experience with these paradigms by using example programming languages
• To understand concepts of syntax, translation, abstraction, and implementation
Q3. What are the Paradigms of Programming?
Ans. Several paradigms are-
• Procedural
– examples: C, Pascal, Basic, Fortran
• Functional
– examples: Lisp, ML
• Object-oriented
– examples: C++, Java, Smalltalk
• Rule-based (or Logic)
– example: Prolog
Q4.Why there is need of so many paradigms?
Ans. The choice of paradigm and therefore language depends on how human’s best think about the problem
Other considerations are-
• Efficiency
• Compatibility with existing code
• Availability of translators
Q5. List the models of computation of language.
Ans. Models are-
• RAM machine
– Procedural
• Directed acyclic graphs
– Smalltalk model of O-O
• Partial recursive functions
– Lisp and ML
• Markov algorithms
– Prolog is loosely based on these
Q6. List various type of languages.
Ans. Various types of languages are-
• Document languages, e.g. LaTeX, Postscript
• Command languages, e.g. bash, MATLAB
• Markup languages, e.g. HTML and XML
• Specification languages, e.g. UML
Q7. What are the issues for languages?
Ans. Issues are-
• Can it be understood by people and processed by machines?
– Although translation may be required.
• Sufficient expressive power?
– Can we say what needs to be said, at an appropriate level of abstraction?
Q8. What is translation?
Ans. Translation is communication of converting the source code into target code.
Q9. What are different types of translation and their roles?
Ans. Types of translation are-
• Compilation
– Translate instructions into suitable (lower level) machine code
– During execution, machine maintains program state information
• Interpretation
– May involve some translation
– Interpreter maintains program state
Q10. What is trade’s off of translation.
Ans. Trade’s off of translation are-
• Compilation
– lower level machine may be faster, so programs run faster
– compilation can be expensive
– examples: C
• Interpretation
– more ability to perform diagnostics (or changes) at run-time
– examples: Basic, UNIX shells, Lisp
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