CBSE Class XI Curriculum for Biology
Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025
CBSE Class XI Curriculum for Biology
CBSE Class XI Curriculum Biology
Understanding the academic syllabus for CBSE Class XI Biology is incredibly important and truly essential for preparing yourself in a well-organized manner for the entire academic session. It genuinely helps you create a comprehensive plan for covering all the topics and subjects effectively throughout the year.
Biology-
The current Biology syllabus, as set by the board, aims to provide students with a foundational understanding of key biological principles. It genuinely encourages learners to explore new scientific discoveries and grasp their significance for both society as a whole and for individual well-being. Furthermore, the subject seeks to promote a logical and thoughtful approach to critical issues concerning population, the environment, and development.
It actively raises awareness about environmental challenges, helping students identify problems and potential solutions.
The curriculum also endeavors to cultivate a sense of appreciation among students for the incredible diversity of living organisms and to foster respect for all life forms. A key aspect is learning to appreciate how complex biological phenomena are often built upon surprisingly simple underlying processes. Ultimately, this syllabus is designed with the expectation that as students delve into their studies, they will naturally become acquainted with the various fascinating branches of Biology
Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms
Chapter 1- The Living World
What is biodiversity, the classifications,e domains of life,concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy, binomial nomenclature, tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.
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Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Classifications of the Five Kingdoms that is their salient features of Monera, Protista and Fungi into
major groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
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Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Classifications and salient features of plants into major types like Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae, classifications and characteristics of Angiosperms .
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Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Classifications and salient features of animals non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to
class level .
Unit-II Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Modifications and morphology of tissues.
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Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Functions and anatomy of different parts of flowering plants with relevant experiments .
Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals
Morphology of Animal tissues,functions of different systems of an insect .
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Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell as the basic unit of life and cell theory, the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Plant cell and animal cell, cell envelope,cell membrane, cell wall,what are cell organelles ,its structure and function,endomembrane system, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria,Ribosomes, Plastids, microbodies,cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, Centrioles, nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.
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Chapter-9: Biomolecules
The chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, types, properties, enzyme action.
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
What is Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
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Unit-IV Plant Physiology
Chapter-11: Transport in Plants
Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis,long distance transport of water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients – Transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis; diffusion of gases.
Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition
What is essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity,elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
What is photosynthesis,its site,pigments involved, photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis, cyclic
and non cyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration,C3 and C4 pathways,factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant – Growth and Development
Phases of plant growth and plant growth rate,Seed germination, conditions of growth,differentiation, sequence of developmental processes ,growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy,vernalisation; photoperiodism.
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Unit-V Human Physiology
Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption
Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones,Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders.
Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans,- exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration,respiratory volume, disorders related to respiration,respiratory organs in animals .
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Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Human circulatory system,Structure of human heart and blood vessels, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG,double circulation,regulation of cardiac activity,disorders of circulatory system,Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood, composition of lymph and its function.
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Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination
Various modes of excretion,structure and function,regulation of kidney function,role of other organs in excretion,disorders .
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Different types of movement,skeletal system and its functions,joints, disorders of muscular and skeletal system .
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Nervous system in humans,neuron and nerves,generation and conduction of nerve impulse, reflex action, sensory
perception; sense organs, elementary structure and functions of eye and ear.
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Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Human endocrine system,endocrine glands and hormones, role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders.
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Books for Class XI Biology
- 15 Sample Question Papers Biology Class 11th CBSE by, Arihant Experts
- NCERT biology textbook class 11
- Trueman’s elementary biology vol.-I by by M.P Tyagi and K.N. Bhatia
- Modern ABCs Biology part I and II class 11 by Dr. B.B. Arora, A.K. Sabbarwal
All the best students !
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